Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part stands for a whole, or the whole stands for a part; e. g. In the following line from a poem by Wordsworth "And then my heart with pleasure fills," heart stands for the whole person, i.e. the speaker is filled with joy, not only his heart.
Literal Language and Figurative Language
Literal language is the plain meaning of words; there isn't a deeper meaning to it. Compare with denotative.
Figurative language is language with a deeper, and often aesthetic, meaning. Compare with connotative. The use of figurative language is called figures of speech. Some examples of figures of speech you have learned already are personification, synecdoche and simile.
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